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Single HTML context tag

In each single HTML text page, we usually need to locate some specific text from text… such as “go to top”, “To the ‘heading’”!

Under those situation, we can use “#” to be the tag sign for locating the text from the single page!

Like ‘Back to top’ in this blogarticle page, the url would be: www.albert7zhang.co.nz/#top, to point at the tag which already has been set the name is “top”!

Same as the in-page tag links…..

How to write a proposal

I have quite been caring about the words from Care’s blog that

“it may look simple but it requires some careful crafting, especially for those of you who are not used to writing academic English!”

Indeed, that is a big problem disturbing me whom from a non-English speaking country. Because, sometimes, the usage of my words or expressions are not so precise or correct. When I was handling the writing stuffs from courses, I was always been carefully and slowly. Anyway, life has to be moved forward, after the two critiques from assignment 2, I think I have known how to process an academic proposal. Also, I have ask my domestic friends to find that how do the good chinese students cope with their proposal, and I got a feedback. Although the the feedback is not regarding with information technology, it is knid of media and communication research report from a Canadian teacher in Communication and Media University of China.

Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as a good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.

A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.

Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it.

The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound.

The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling.

More information from this link, Here

Assignment Extend,

1. My Question.

a. How widely is XML used as a transfer mechanism and why is it chosen?

I think that the single XML is not very popular as HTML  for web development. Because every language must have its own origin, it might be a part of one language, or an evolving format. Therefore, XHTML has been coming up. At present, the websites are not all totally accepting XML. However, the exist of XHTML means XML has been more and more important for web development for data transferring.

It is not only stride over different operation system, also fit to varied of interface’s types. XML can define the document accurately and clearly, be written on public plug that is convenient for loading and writing, and it is a simple text document which is easily changed and extended.

b. As a transfer mechanism, how does XML compare to other methods?

XML, compares with the SGML and  HTML. It is more simple than SGML.  SGML is too complicated to read by revolution machine. Also, XML has more extensibility than HTML, it could handle more elements and information on itself. With other transferring software, XML has been feasibility that it could better be encapsulated behind web application.

c. Does XML the only method for transferring data between databases and web applications?

Actually, this question is the extension for the above one. As I know, there are two major data transferring format. “XML” and “JSON”, JavaScript Object Notation, it is heritage from Javascript, similar to the C language format. The grammar of JSON is very interesting which is named suggest grammar. At present, I still cannot understand the grammar very well, but I will pump up some later… However, I could show a paragraph of codes to show JSON is really really simple.

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”utf-8″?>

<user>

<name>Albert </name>

<password>123456</password>

<school>nmit</school>

<sex>male</sex>

<old>21</old>

</user>

coding by JSON：

{

“name”:”Albert”,

“password”:”123456″,

“school”:”nmit”;

“sex”:”male”,

“old”:21

}

d. In future, how does the XML evolve?

That is my question. The answer is very funny, W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). XML is defined by this international organization for data transferring. There is no any future for it. If there is a better language to replace it, it would disappear as a thunder! If not, then XML is the BOSS.

XML’impact on databases and data transferring

Summary

From the paper, the extensible mark-up language has been realized that it full of potential requires or more for DBMS products and their management of structured data, standards that provide shared vocabularies and schemas; and administrative tools that map varied attributes and schemas and resolve object identity and conflicting values.

First, as the popular HTML, XML could store behind the web. The same as a mar-up language by heaps of tags, but it is more popular than HTML in sharing data between web application and database. No matter, Extensible, Presentation, Views, Documentations, Queries, XML all performs facilitate for customization better than HTML. A real XML is providing inexpensive tools for preparing, legalizing, and resolutions XML data. Web applicants like XML’s extensibility, and communities that share common data, such as, the e-commercial marketplace, like the XML’s support for clear defining, general data representations. XML should continue to have huge support in the future.

Second, distinguish the relationship between XML and relational databases (or general databases). By XQuery, the combination of them is much tighter than before at any time. Increasingly, tools will enter document set abstraction by standard interfaces, but finally, XML text will be used for manage document programs and standard interfaces between web applications and databases or systems. The paper uses the e-commerce example to clarify DBMSs or RDBMSs offer integrity, complex processing on read, write… As a common format for sharing data, XML would not take place of DBMS or RDBMS, but it implements rapidly perform on the standard interface with all data. The XML just need to do generate new tags on new interface, outputs its own schema information.

Third, the paper sets several challenges, Geographic distribution, Heterogeneous data structures and languages, Heterogeneous attribute representations and semantics, Heterogeneous schemas, Object identifications, those are used to be resolved by XML. XML for relational databases and systems will provide flexibility to sharing and transferring data, the flexibility of it can reduce the development costs. Web application could through the kinds of tags to store information and data, and via XML, databases could conveniently and fast gain those data information from Internet.

Except these benefits of XML, actually, XML have not performed very well in huge programs or organizations. Indeed, there are some researchers has a little bit blind faith on it. No matter how, XML still is a mark-up language, there are plenty of functionality which it cannot achieve. It is just a tool or bridge to sharing or transferring conveniently. With it, developers could increase their working efficiency and reduce the barriers and costs. It never replaces databases, the terminal of data or information still has to be in DATABASEs.

1. What is the title and what does the title tell you about the paper?

The title of the article is “XML’s Impact on Databases and Data Sharing”.

As I said in class, I am very interested in the data transferring between relational database and web application by XML. The title directly tells me it is going to research the usage of XML in relational databases and data sharing or transferring through XML, also talk about how does the XML will influence the development of databases at present and in future.

2. Who is the paper written by and do they seem credible to you?

The authors of the paper are Dr. Len Seligman and Arnon Rosenthal. They are from the MITRE Corporation. The MITRE Corporation is a public-interest not for profit organization based in Bedford, Massachusetts and Mclean, Virginia. It manages Federally Funded Research and Development Centres (FFRDCs) supporting the Department of Defence’s, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and the Department of Veterans Affairs. So it is a quite big and has authority organization. (http://www.mitre.org/). On that website, I can browse some introduction about two authors as well. Then, Dr. Len Seligman and Arnon Rosenthal are very experienced developer in that corporation for many years, then for me, the paper is worth trusting. There is another very important point that I have read another article about database from Dr. Len Seligman on Scholar of Google. It proves again the authors can really produce academic stuffs.

3. Does it have a helpful abstract? Give reasons for your answer.

The answer is yes, the paper provides a very clear and brief abstract to me.

Because first, it says the extensible mark-up language reduces the barriers to sharing data among diverse application and databases. The structure, expression and syntax of XML have been evolving a common format for expressing data’s structure and content. The benefits of XML are apparent when there is a problem within data transferring in system.

Second, it also introduces, the paper will through the comparison between HTML and XML, these two popular mark-up languages at present to clarify the advantages and accesses of XML. So before reading the main part of that paper, reader will have a little bit simple concept about both of HTML and XML in advance for better understanding later. HTML and XML are similar, but there are lots of differences between them.

Third, the abstract tells me about the achievements and challenges of usage and execution of XML in relational database (Includes some popular database software have been changed for XML, such as, adding XML schema functionality). From data architecture, information modelling and data sharing, and compare the multiplicity between the prototypes and evolved of data, these several aspects of XML’s development in relational databases.

Forth, the abstract also talks about briefly the future of XML. Here, it has set a question up to remind readers about ‘Will XML disappear’. This could make the readers try to think of it, so that they could catch up with the statement of the paper at last.

4. What did the author(s) do in their research and what did they find?

The authors are very smart to use the comparison. In the article, they have a rigorous and accurate logic of their hierarchy for the comparison.

First, regard with the comparison with HTML, it is an impressive to state the benefits of XML in web application. Because they find there is a huge dilemma for HTML by:

• Presentation rather than content orientation
• No extensibility
• No data validation capabilities

HTML is hardly fit to structuring the systems in some complicated data accessing applications, such as a comparison-shopping agent. The HTML document of it seems too big and not convenient. When complex techniques are frustrating given that much web content derives from structured databases, otherwise it has to via dynamic scripting language.

Nowadays, the Internet has facilitated the sharing of data across spread, varied environments of devices. That is definitely better than get data from one place. HTML cannot achieve that admission data from sources of the world by a browser interface. Then, from these aspects:

• Extensibility
• Presentation/Content
• Views
• Documentation/Data Orientation
• Search/Query

XML could be extensible set of tags, because it is good for SGML, and then there are many organizations and companies starting to support it, such as W3G. In addition, the unique content of XML addresses, cascading style sheets, extensible style sheet language or extensible HTML handle presentation has been adopted. Although there are some new standards, XML already tried to effect on Internet and the web businesses suitable its exclusion of the many stupid work needed to represent rapidly changing data in HTML. XML also supports for multiple views of the same content for different user groups and media. There are many different schemas under XML, so when people want to view the data structure could conveniently to check without specialised software. XML allows us to have a single workflow with varied outputs. XML could queries over the Internet sensitively in fields, such as searching a name within a book that only return the name with a book name in tag. XML is an more and more able to be seen semantic structure for web information as well. As a result, XML is much better than HTML on transferring data as a common exchange format.

Second, paper mainly talks about the XML and relational databases. The complement of XML and database technology is rather than against with each other. Because XML makes the structure in no forms data clearly, database technologies can offer some of the services found in relational databases. On the other hand, the database techniques can get the integrity and semantic integration of XML source better. XML also could structure data well; to meet specific web publishing, e-commerce, or other application requirements, developers can create XML versions of suitable data views. Programs could evaluate those data views in a fast response to queries or supporting users who do not need completely current information. Most of the database vendors such as Oracle and IBM have already released tools for creating XML database extracts, and these tools will become even more powerful. Vendors are also customizing import utilities to accept XML.

Third, the paper has through a hierarchy method to state the sharing data of XML.

Level 1: Geographic distribution, XML assists with remote function invocation.

Level 2: Heterogeneous data structures and languages, XML offers convenience, natural, self-describing syntax for and languages heterogeneous data structures.

Level 3: Heterogeneous attribute representations and semantics, provides convenient way to attach and reference metadata that describes data representation and semantics.

Level 4:  Heterogeneous schemas, schemas as the plan of XML offer service for every new tag.

Level 5: Object identification, provides a convenient mechanism for attaching meta0-data.

Level 6: Data value reconciliation.

5. Was the paper was worth reading? Give reasons for your answer.

It is quite worth reading. Before finding this article, I was almost giving up the area of database, even the XML topic. I had not absorbed the knowledge of database system well yet, but also XML is a fresh thing for me. However when I searched this article, after reading it, I have slowly understand the XML a little bit.

Because, the article is very easy for read and understand. Through the comparison with HTML, I could understand XML by recognizing from HTML that I have got. They both have tags, mark-up languages, written up behind the web… These characteristics could help readers know about XML visually. In addition, the paper has told the benefits of XML outstandingly, so the readers would remember these things, then go and use XML when they are going to practice it.

Also, the article has stated the relationship of XML and database. XML has become a most important database of information exchange implements. Normally, the database for information exchanging between the file formats is very easy. So, sometimes, a XML document in database would equal to a database or a data table. Using XML and related tools often eliminates the problems associated with different kinds of data structure. On the other hand, data administrators could use XML to express results, such as on web, or achieve them on Visual Studio. XML’s strong base of freeware affords flexibility at greatly reduced. It means XML not only apply to web but also on database and other programs very well.

6. Do you believe the results/findings or the paper? Give reasons for your answer.

Yes, now XML as a hot new technology is known by many web applicants well and fast. The application of XML not only could solve the data exchanging, sharing and transferring between web application and local relational database so that reduce the cost and responsibility of the systems or servers, but also on some complicated data processing problem, people have got another more option to cope with them. I have a friend who is doing a simple intranet and storing the information through by XML.

<event_type>Music/Arts</event_type>

<event_subtype>Exhibit</event_subtype>

<start_time>1227405600</start_time>

<end_time>1227484800</end_time>

<creator>554074187</creator>

<update_time>1227236008</update_time>

<location>Upstairs by the bustop on Dixon…</location>

<venue>

<street>47 Dixon Street (LVL 2)</street>

<city>Wellington</city>

<state />

<country>New Zealand</country>

<latitude>-41.3</latitude>

<longitude>174.783</longitude>

</venue>

<privacy>OPEN</privacy>

<hide_guest_list>0</hide_guest_list>

</event>}  (Alex Lee, 2009)

Above is a group XML for describing (storing) an event. Very briefly, as people understand, just names the tags what people want to. It represents the good, easy presentation and semantic. Conveniently to define the data-types and data values.

7. What form of research approach did the researchers follow and do you think this was a useful approach?

About the approach of the article, I think that it is kind of constructive; it is reviewing and confirming something. The XML (extensible mark-up language) decreases the difficulties to sharing data between varied web applications and relational databases. Understanding XML’s benefits demands assessing which system challenges it is able to solve.

I think the authors must have read plenty of materials and information to understand the characteristic of XML, also they have done lots of experiment to test or use XML (There are some examples in code; I am not going to attach them on.). Through heaps of comparison with different objects, state the benefits of XML, and then, combine with many DBMSs or RDBMSs, make readers understand, XML could improve the performance of sharing data between web applications and databases. Including several surveys which in network organizations and database vendors. Many big organizations and authority communities agree with the XML as a common format for sharing data, at the same time, they are offering many standards and laws to generalise the usage of XML. Likely, the vendors of relational database are step by step increasing the application of XML, such as XML schema, data-types, transfer paths…

So, do it practically and some surveys is very direct method to review and confirm a modem technology. With those, we could understand them well, precisely for a short time.

8. What did you learn from reading the paper?

This time, I have learned a lot. At least, I already could use a little extensible mark-up language basically. I also understand deeper than before about the XML, the successor so-called of HTML reluctantly for capturing web content, is getting a compact of attention from the computing and Internet communities. Although the circle of data sharing advertises unreal expectations, XML does reduce the barriers to sharing data between varied web applications and relational databases by providing a common format for expressing data structure and content.

Also, I have known XML could have different kinds of presentations and semantics for attributes. Sometimes, the computers do not need to ‘know’ either the source or target concept; fairly, it only needs to understand whether they are identical or how to transmit them. XML offers a suitable implementation for putting the description up to the metadata to target and source schemas’ attributes.

<eid>35248185722</eid>

<name>Mind Melting Movie Marathon</name>

<tagline>12 Hours of Cinemtatic Carnage.</tagline>

<nid>0</nid>

With these skills on tags by semantic, I could make my website which can appear on the early position in the searching results.

I also have learned, depend on XML could well structure data, that means the freeware of XML could be widely used between web applications and databases. A good data structure not only need to be done in relational database, but also already be completed before sharing or transferring behind the web applications. So that XML can save waste and other steps of processing.

Reference

http://www.mitre.org/, MITRE Corporation, USA, 2009.

Larry S. Hayashi, John Hatton, “Combining UML, XML and relational database technologies – the best of all worlds for robust linguistic databases” SIL International, Dallas USA, 2000.

Alex Lee, “PRJ300”, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Neslon, New Zealand, 2009

P. Buneman et al., “A Query Language and Optimization Techniques for Unstructured Data,” ACM Sigmod Int’l Conf. Management, New York, 1996.

J. Widom, “Data Management for XML: Research Directions,” IEEE Data Eng., Sept. 1999

Area, Topic and Question

XML transferring data between document and relational database

http://www-zeuthen.desy.de/technisches_seminar/texte/TRANSFERRING_DATA_XML_RDB.pdf

Data tranfer strategies

http://www.rpbourret.com/xml/DataTransfer.htm

XML is not a data tranfer format

http://www.peej.co.uk/articles/xml-data-transfer-format.html

XML & Website

Sometimes, from busier life, we would get more ideas. Before, I have helped someone to translate a website from English into Chinese, and upload it on chinese searching engine as well, at the same time, as much as possible to increase the position of the website in searching results…

That was not a small challenge for me. Because at that time, I only knew, first, I could change the codes in meta of HTML, for example,the website is regard with milk, then I would as much as possible to add “milk”, this word into “title”, “keywords”, “content”, “description”of the meta tag…and so on.  That was the only way that I could used in a fast and economic to increase the rate of the website’s well-known. The another way is pay for the website to the searching engine. It would cost a lot, and my friend, he did not want to spend money on those things…

However, currently, I have been learning something about XML. It inspires me a lot so far. Because XML could generate a file under the website’s package and send it to the spider of searching engines to advertise the websites… From the “Opening Protocol of Internet Forum Embody”, is a search engine made the development of the sites embody standards, with the directory in the Web site into an protocol to follow the open XML format for search engine indexing the page, the page information initiative to inform in a timely manner the major search engines . With the “Opening Protocol of Internet Forum Embody”, pages on the search engine would equal to to subscribers through the search engine platform, users will have the possibility of wider access to higher frequency to your site, then for your site potential flow.

For example, to the search engine Yahoo, which will be good “sitemap_yahoo.xml” named XML documents uploaded to the root directory of your sites and  ensure that the url address where documents can be a normal visit Yahoo spider. Such as, the Web sites for “post.yahoo.com”, will be uploaded to the xml file “post.yahoo.com” or ” sitemap_yahoo.xml”. Very easy, right.

Here, thank you for my friend’s guideline.

http://www.xefteri.com/articles/show.cfm?id=9

Abstract Investigation

Apply computerization and database system on a non-scientific subjective area., and mainly, want s to combine different subjects, technologies and knowledge.
1. As the article which is found said, how to model the massive data of archaeology by computerization.
“Archaeological projects provides large quantities of written documents, notes,
and forms, as well as drawings (plans, sections, and sketches) and photographic
images of the ancient sites, architecture, and artifacts that are recovered during survey
and excavation. Effectively utilizing all this material in the pursuit of research goals
has always been a major challenge.” (Manuella Kadar, 1998, Page 1)
2. Then the purpose how to building a suitable database system for archaeology. Suffering from database issues with “real world”.
3. Through the development of the archaeology of database, author has developed and designed a theoretical archaeology data modelling.
“In the process of archaeological database design it is essential to have a
complete understanding of the existing archaeological system before any attempt to
create a more sophisticated model.” (Manuella Kadar, 1998, Page 7)

Bibliography
(Kadar, 1998)
Kadar, M. (1998, 12 1). DATA MODELING AND RELATIONAL DATABASE DESIGN IN. Allabama, Minesoda.